| When the Seven Years' War started in 1756,
the British Army added a second battalion to the 4th Regiment of Foot.
That battalion received its own identity two years later when it was
designated as the 62nd Regiment of Foot. With the return of peace,
the 62nd went on the army's Irish Establishment and helped occupy
the Emerald Isle.
In November 1775, seven months after the outbreak of the American
Revolution, a small American army laid siege to Quebec. Unwilling
to risk the loss of Canada, the British government named Lieutenant
General John Burgoyne to relieve Quebec. The 62nd Foot joined seven
other British infantry regiments and a contingent of German troops
that sailed for Canada in April 1776. Reaching Quebec at the end
of May, the 62nd found that the disheartened Americans had already
withdrawn up the St. Lawrence River.
The 62nd Foot eventually took its place in the 8,000-man army that
Burgoyne assembled a year later to invade New York along Lake Champlain
and the Hudson River. The 62nd marched with the 20th and 21st Regiments
in the 2nd Brigade of Burgoyne's British infantry division. During
the organization of this expedition, the 62nd lost its flank companies
to the separate grenadier and light infantry battalions that Burgoyne
assigned to his Advanced Corps, leaving only eight battalion companies
to follow Lieutenant Colonel John Anstruther and the regimental
colors.
The 62nd Foot's proudest moment in the Saratoga Campaign came on
September 19, 1777. Along with the 9th, 20th, and 21st Foot, the
62nd stumbled into a much larger Continental force in the fifteen
cleared acres comprising Freeman's Farm. Exhibiting unbreakable
discipline, the Redcoats absorbed six American attacks, driving
back their foes each time with the bayonet. During one counterattack,
the 62nd pressed forward so far that it had twenty-five men cut
off and captured.
Holding the center of the thin red line, the 62nd suffered the
most losses of any British regiment engaged. When the Americans
finally pulled back, only sixty of the 350 men the 62nd had taken
into the fight were still standing. Although the 62nd Foot surrendered
with the rest of Burgoyne's army on October 17, its valor at Freeman's
Farm proved that the defeat did not stem from any deficiency in
the British soldier, but in his commanders.
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