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Statesman and soldier, Oliver Cromwell is regarded as one of the most important figures in English history. He came to prominence during the first English Civil War (1642) as a senior commander in the Parliamentarian “New Model Army.” Cromwell was instrumental in many of their victories resulting in the execution of Charles I and the establishment the Commonwealth. In 1653 he was named Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, a position he retained until his death in September 1658. When, in 1660, Charles II returned to the throne in what is known as the Stuart Restoration – Cromwell’s body was exhumed from Westminster Abbey and his head was placed on a spike outside the Tower of London, where it remained for 30 years.